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ljifo k|a]z

of] ;ftf emfkfsf] s'd/vf]b uf=lj=;=df g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3sf] ufp+ ;dGjo kl/ifbn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cGt/s[of sfo{s|dsf ;xeflux?, d]6«f] Pkm\Pd\n] Pp6f k|To]If 6]nLkmf]g cGtjf{tf{df cGtjf{tf{sf/, lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] sIff sf]7fdf ljBfly{x? / cGo cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s hd36df dLqx?n] dnfO{ ;f]w]sf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ vf]Hg] sfd cfhsf] of] ;fKtflxs em6f/f]sf] bf]>f] v08df ub}{5' . jxf+x?sf] k|Zgx?sf] em6f/f]x? o;\ k|sf/ 5g\M

§      s] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg r}t leqdf xf]nf<

§      dfcf]jfbL / 5 bn ljr ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rgdf ;xdtL ePsf] v08df cflbjf;L hghfltx?s]f ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5 jf x'+b}g<

§      hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQtfsf] dfu /fVg' ;fDk|bflos / ljv08gsf/L dfu xf] ls xf]Og<

§      cflbjf;L hghfltn] hftLo :jfoQtf  / dw]zLn] If]qut :jfoQtf kfpg] t/ xfdL afx'g If]qLx? eg] sxf+ hfg]< xfdL cGo hfthfltsfx? sxf+ hfg]<

§      hftLo / If]qut :jfoQ k|b]zx?df cGo hft hfltx?s]f clwsf/ s] x'G5<

§      hftLo :jfoQ k|b]zx?df afx'g If]qLx?sf] hg;+Vof !@ nfv 5 t/ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] hg;+Vof $ nfv 5 eg] cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] s;/L :jfoQtf kfpg ;dej 5<

d}n] oL k|Zgx?sf] ;fdgf klxnf] k6s xf]Og clxn] ;Dd xhf/f}+ k6s ;'Gb} cfPsf] k\Zgx? g} x'g\ . d}n] lo / cGo o:t} k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ d]/f] n]v /rgf, cGt/jftf{, k|:t'lt, k|lzIf0f / efif0fx?df lb+b} cfPsf] 5' . of] ;fKtflxs em6f/f]df klg ltg} pQ/x? bf]xf]¥ofp+b}5' .

s] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg r}t leqdf xf]nf<

uPsf] h]7df ug]{ elgPsf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj d+l;/df ;¥of]  / d+l;/df ug]{ egLPsf] r'gfj klg clglZrttf ;lxt ;¥of] . dfcf]jfbL / 5 bn ljrsf] ;xdtL r}t dlxgf leqdf ug]{ elgPsf] 5 . h] sf/0fx?n] klxn] 3f]lift b'j} lgjf{rg ltyL k/ ;/]sf] lyof] lt sf/0fx? x6]/ uPsf] 5}g a? emg} h6Ln eP/ uPsf] 5 . dw]zdf ;z:q åGb ljs]lGb|t x'+b} uPsf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf jl/i7 g]tf dxGt 7fs'/ nufot dw]zL d"nsf g]tfx?n] ;Da4 /fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ n'tf] kmfn] h:t} 5f8]/ dw]zL :jfoQtfsfnflu dw]zL /fhg}lts bn vf]Ng nfluk/]s]f cj:yf 5 . ;/sf/ / dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d / cflbjf;L hghfltx?;+u ePsf ;xdtLx? /2Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf uPsf] cj:yf 5 . cflbjf;L hghfltx? hftLo :jfoQtfsfnflu /fhg}lts bnsf?kdf cl3 a9\g] s|ddf hftLo /fHo kl/ifbx? u7g ul/ cfGbf]lnt 5g\ / cfjZos k/] ;z:q o'4df hfg ;Sg] r]tfjgL lb+b} cfPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL / ^ /fhg}lts bnx? u0ftGqs]f 3f]if0ff cGtl/d ;+;b ljwflosfn] u/L To;sf] sfof{Gjog ;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] a}7sn] ug]{ / ;+ljwffg ;efdf k|ToIf lgjf{rgnfO{ $) / ;dfg'kfltsnfO{ ^)  k|ltzt 5'6\ofpg] tyf l;6 ;+Vof ^ ;o ! k'¥ofpg] ;dembf/L ePsf] ;dfrf/ 5 . dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;+;b–ljwflosfsf] ljz]if clwj]zgdf /fv]s]f k|:tfj u0ftGq / ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf jf/]df lyof] / cem klg  ;+;b–ljwflosfn] ax'dtn] kfl/t u/]sf] ltg} b'O{ a"+bfdf s]lGb|t 5 . lo b'j} a"bfdf bnx?sf] h] h:tf] ;xdtL eP klg dw]zLx?n] ;+3fTdstf s]f ;'lglZrttf ;+ljwfg ;ef cl3 eP h:t} dw]zsf] :jfoQtf klg ;+ljwfg ;ef cl3 geP;Dd dw]zdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj x'g g;Sg] oyfy{tf t8\sf/f] b]lvG5 . lnDa"jfg b]lv y?x6\ :jfoQtf vf]h]sf cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] klg hftLo :jfoQtf ;+ljwfg ;ef cl3 ;'lglZrt gu/]s]f v08df ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj lt k|b]zx?df ;lhn} ;DkGg x'g;Sg] 5f+6 klg b]lvb}g . dfc]fjfbL / ^ bn / dfc]fjfbL hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQtf ;+ljwfg ;ef cl3 ;'lglZrt ug{ rfx+b}g eGg] k|i6 b]vLPsf] 5 . To;}n] k|i6 5 u0ftGq, ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsfnflu k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg / hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQtfs]f cf]bfg ;+ljwfg ;ef cl3 cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf t];|f] ;+zf]wg u/]/ ;'lglZrt u/]s]f v08df ;Dej 5 cGoyf km]/L klg ;f]d zdf{sf] n8\8' ePdf s;}n] klg cfZro{ dfGg'kg]{ 5}g .

dfcf]jfbL / 5 bn ljr ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rgdf ;xdtL ePsf] v08df cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, blnt, dlxnfx?sf ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5 jf x'+b}g<

of] k|Zgsf] d]/f] ;f]emf] pQ/ xf] x'+b}g . klxnf] s'/f u0ftGq / ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg eP/dfq k'Ub}g cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxt hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQtf klg x'g}k¥of] .

bf]>f] s'/f, ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg eg]/ dfq k'Ub}g s:tf] ;dfg'kflts< klxn] / clxn] /fhg}lts bnx?n] 5nkmn -cyf{t 5n u/]/ kmn lgsfNg vf]h]sf]_ u/]sf] ;dfg'kflts cfGtl/s nf]stGq, ;dfj]zL / ;dfg'kflts k|ltlgwTj ljlxg /fhg}lts bnx? cfkm}n] uf]kLs[i0fsf] k6\6" eGg ;Sg] pDd]bjf/sf] s'/f xf], cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx? af]s]sf cflbjf;L hghflt, , dw]zL ;jfnx? af]s]sf dw]zL, blntsf ;jfnx? af]s]sf blnt / dlxnfsf ;jfnx? af]s]sf dlxnf pDd]bjf/sf s'/f xf]Og . To;}n] d]8\ O{g lnDa"jfg jf du/ft jf y?x6 jf cGo h'g;'s} hftL, ln+u / If]qsf] eP klg cfkm\gf] ;jfnsf] ;f; af]Sg gkfP nf;dfq x'G5 . To:tf] nf;x?af6 ljBdfg ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg x'+b}g . ;+ljwfg ;efdf ;b:o slt x'G5 eGg] s'/f uf}0f xf] . dxTjk"0f{ s'/f eg]s]f sDtLdf klg hftL, If]q / n}+lus cfwf/df k"0f{;dfg'kflts ug]{ l;4fGt :jLsf/ ug]{ sL gug]{ eGg] g} xf] . l;4fGt :jLsf/ ul/;s]s]f kl5 k|fljlws kIfdf ;xdtL sfod ug{ ;lsG5 . h:t} ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:ox?sf] cfsf/ ;fgf] agfpg k/] klg ;dfg'kflts / 7"nf] agfpgk/] klg ;dfg'kflts x'g kb{5 . sDtLdf klg kl/0ffddf k"0f{;dfg'kflts x'gkb{5 . o:tf] ug{ ;+/rgf, k|s[of, kx'r, cj;/, df}sf, lgoGq0f, kmfobf cflb ;a}df klg k"0f{;dfg'kflts x'gkb{5 . bnn] pDd]bjf/sf] aGb ;'rL agfP/ dtbftfn] bnnfO{ dt lbg] / lgjf{rg kfPsf] dtsf cfwf/df ljhoL pDd]bjf/x? bnn] /f]Hg eGbf klg s|dfg'zf/ hfg kg]{ x'G5 . t/ o:tf] Joj:yf eGbf dtbftfx?n] ;f]em} pDd]bjf/nfO{ dt v;fNg kfO{g] v'Nnf ;'rLsf] ;dfg'kflts k4tL a]z x'G5 . o:tf] ePdf cflbjf;L hghflts} pDd]bjf/x? dWo], dw]zLs} pDd]bjf/x? dWo], blnts} pDd]bjf/x? dWo] s;nfO{ r'Gg] eGg] clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ ;S5 . n}+lus cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts agfpg ;a} txdf %) k|ltzt dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug]{kb{5 . cfjZos kbf{ ljz]iflfwsf/sf cfwf/df cem a9L ug{ kg]{ x'G5 .

t]>f] s'/f, g]kfndf clxn] pl7/x]sf ;a} cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?sf] dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ xf] eg] ;+ljefg ;efdf ltg k|sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug'{ a'l4dfgL x'g]5 .

§      klxnf] k|ltlglwTj ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs Joj:yfdf /fhg}lts bnx? af6 k|ltlglwTj x'g'k¥of] t/ o:tf] ubf{ bnleq cfGtl/s nf]stGqsf] cEof;, hftL, If]q / n}+lus cfwf/df ;dfa]zL / ;dfg'kflts klg x'g'k¥of] .

§      bf]>f] k|ltlglwTj k|To]s hft–hftL, efiff–eflif / wdf{anDaLsf] x'g'k¥of] .

§      t]>f] k|ltlglwTj cGw–ckf+u, b"u{d If]q, ls;fg, dhb"/, 8fS6/, jsLn, O~hLlgo/, kqsf/ cflbsf] klg x'g'k¥of] .

o:tf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] ;+ljwg ;efn]dfq ;a}sf] ;jfnx?nfO{ /fd|f];+u ;Daf]wgug{ ;S5 .

rf}yf] s'/f, clxn] Ps h'u df Ps k6s cfpg] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfq s'/f 5 . d]/f] ljrf/df ;+3sf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsfnflu Pp6f ;+ljwfg ;ef cfjZos x'G5 . of] ;+ljwfg ;efn] ;j}eGbf klxn] cfTdlg0fo{sf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ lbP/ hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQ k|b]zx? lgwf{/0f ul/;s]kl5 k|To]s :jfoQ k|b]zx?sf] cnu cnu ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg u/]/ k|To]s :jfoQ k|b]zsf] cf–cfkm\gf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug[{ kb{5 . To; kl5dfq ;+3sf] ;+ljwfg ;+ljwfg ;efn] lgdf{0f ug{ kb{5 . s]Gb|sf] ;+ljwfg ;efn] Pp6} ;+ljwfg agfP/ :jfoQtf lbg] s'/f dfly af6 tn cyf{t 6k 8fpg cyf{t l6«sn 8fpg xf] / of] eg]s]f l6«s–cn–8fpg -dfyL af6 tn;Dd 5sfpg]_ d]nf] dfq xf] . g5sfpg] ug{sfnflu tn af6 dfly hfg kg]{ x'G5 cyf{t :jfoQ k|b]zsf] ;+ljwg ;efaf6 ;a} :jfoQ k|b]zsf] :=ljwfg agL;s]kl5 dfq ;+3sf] ;+ljwfg agfpg kg]{ x'G5 .

hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQtf;+u ;DalGwt k|Zgx?

hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQtfsf] dfu /fVg' ljv08gsf/L / ;fDk|bflos  dfu xf] ls xf]Og eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/ g]kfnsf] ljut b]lv jt{dfg / ljZjsf] cGo d'n'ssf] cg'ejsf ;Gbe{df vf]hLg' kb{5 .

cfh;Dd cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt / clwsf+z dw]zLx?n] ljv08gsf dfu /fv]sf 5}gg\ . ;a}n] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / If]qLo cv08tfnfO{ ;Ddfg ub]{ O{Gb|]0fLh:t} hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQtf vf]h]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?af6 rf]O6LP/ uf]Ot / Hjfnfl;+xsf] ;z:q /fhg}lts ;d'x cfP kl5dfq :jtGq dw]zs]f dfu /fv]sf x'g\ . o:tf] dfu cfpg' cl3g} t/fO{–dw]z nufot cGo ;a}sf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dod} ;+3fTds nf]stflGqs u0ftGq cGtu{t cfTdlg0fo{sf] clwsf/ ;lxt hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQtfsf cfwf/df /fHosf] k'g;+{/rgf eO{lbPsf] eP cfh ;a}n] o:tf] lgolt ef]Ug} kg]{ lyPg . ljut s]nfP/ x]g]{ xf] eg] klg klZrd sLNnf sf+u8f / k'j{df 6Li6f k'u]Yof}+ eg] klg ;'uf}nL ;lGwsf a]nf y'k|} e"efu u'dfPsf] / clxn] cfP/ l6+s/ / ;':tf nufot blIf0fsf cg]s 7fp+df u'dfPsf] cyf{t ljv08Lt u/]s]f s:n]< cflbjf;L hghfltn] xf]< dw]zLn] xf]]< blntn]xf]< oL dWo] s;}n] klg xf]Og . h:n] ljv08g u/]s]f 5 p rf+lx ljv08gsf/L gx'g] clg h:n] cv08tfdf of]ubfg lb+b} cfpsf] 5 pgLx?n] ;dtf / ;dfgtfsf cfwf/df cfk\mgf xs clwsf/ vf]Hbf s;/L ljv08gsf/L x'g;S5< ;+;f/sf cGo efusf cg'ejnfO{ Wofg lbg] xf] eg] o;\kfn 3fO{n] ;Dkfbg u/]s]f PYgLs c6f]gf]dL gfds k':tsdf hftLo :jfoQtfn] d'n's ljv08g x'gaf6 hf]luG5 eGg] ljZj cg'ejaf6 kf7 l;sSg kg]{ oyfy{tf pNn]v 5 . ;f]leot ;+3df s}og /fHox? Ps} 7fp+df cfpg'sf] sf/0f n]lggs]f cfTdlg0fo{sf] clwsf/ / hftLo :jfoQtfsf] lgtL xf] eg] ljv08g x'g'sf] sf/0f Psn kf6L{, Psn hftL, Psn efiff cflb xfaL eP/ xf] . o'uf]:nfeLof ljv08g x'g's]f sf/0f Psflt/ hftLo :jfoQtf lbg] csf]{lt/ :jfoQ k|b]zdf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Ls[t ar{:j sfod /xg'n] xf] eGg] oyfy{tf ljeLGg cWoogx?n] k|i6 kfl/;]s]sf] 5 . >L n+sf ljv08gsf] ;+3f/df k'u]s]f ;do 5+b} hftLo ;d:ofnfO{ :jfoQtfsf] cfwf/df ;+af]wg gu/]/ xf] eGg] k|i6 5 . u|LgNof08df xf]d ?n 5 . 8]gdfs{n] u|LgNof08nfO{ 5'§} :jtGq d'n's agfp eGbf klg p 8]gdfs{ ;+u} a:g rfxG5 . :jfoQ clwsf/ kfPsf] v08df ljv08g x'+b}g eGg] of] Pp6f pbfx/0f dfq xf] .

hxf+;Dd hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQtf vf]Hg' ;fDk|bfoLs xf] eGg] cf/f]k 5 o:tf] cf/f]k hf] cfkm} ;fDk|bfoLs 5 p;}n] dfq nufp+5 . g]kfndf Ps hft -afx'g If]qL_, Ps efiff -v; g]kfnL_, Ps wd{ -lxGb"_, Ps ;+:s[lt -lxGb"_, Ps ln+u -k'?if_ / Ps If]q -kxf8L_ sf] Psflwsf/, xfnL–d'xfnL, /fO{+–bfO{+ Ps jif{ xf]Og, Ps bzs klg xf]Og, ztflAb ztflAb b]lv cgj/t ul//xg]x? ;fDk|bflos gx'g] t/ ;a} hftL, efiff, wd{, If]q, ln+u cflb ;b:ox?n] ;dfg clwsf/sfnflu k|ofz ubf{ ;fDk|bflos x'g]< o:tf] s;/L x'g;S5 < To;}n] dw]zLx?n] dw]zL :jfoQtf vf]Hg' / cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] hftLo :jfoQtf vf]Hg' ;fDk|bflos eP/ xf]Og, a? nf]stGqdf, ;dfgtfdf, ;fdflhs Gofodf, dfgj clwsf/ cflbdf cf:yf / ljZjf; eP/ xf] . hf] cfkm} afx'gjfbL 5 Tof cfkm} ;fDk|bflos xf] / To:tf] afx'gjfbLx?n] dw]zL / cflbjf;L hghfltx?nfO{ ;fDk|bflos eg]/ unt cf/f]k nufpg' b"/fzo xf] / To:tf afx'gjfbLx?n] To:sf] rs|a[l4 ;f+jfJofh ltg'{kg]{ lbg cfpg ;S5 .

cflbjf;L hghfltn] hftLo :jfoQtf  / dw]zLn] If]qut :jfoQtf kfpg] t/ xfdL afx'g If]qLx?s]f cfkm\gf] d"n ynf] 5}g, To;}n] xfdL sxf+ hfg] eGg] k|Zg afx'g If]qLx?sf] dgdf 5 afx'g If]qLsf] dgdf of] k|Zg pAhg' pgLx?sf] z/0ffyL{ dfgl;stfsf] k|ltlaDa xf] . To:t} cGo hfthfltsfx? hf] c?sf] :jfoQ k|b]zdf 5 xfdL sxf+ hfg] eGg] k|Zg klg 5 . cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] dgdf of] k|Zg pAhg' r]tgfs]f sdLn] xf] h:tf] nfUb5 . g]kfndf :jfoQtf hftLo, eflifs / If]qut cfwf/df x'+bf ;a} hft hftLn] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|of]u ub}{ ljv08gnfO{ lgif]w u/]/ Psn hftLo klxrfg jf a[xQ/ hftLo klxrfg jf :jfoQtfleq pk–:jfoQtf jf ;+3s]f k|To]If lgoGq0fdf /x]/ :jfoQtf lng] eGg] xf] . o:tf] ubf{ afx'g If]qLx?sf] cfkmgf] d"n ynf] geP klg s0ff{nL, e]/L, ;]tL dxfsfnL k|b]zdf blntx?;+u ax'n;+Vofdf a;f]af; ub]{ cfPsfn] tL If]qx?df If]qut :jfoQtf lng] x]f jf ;f] If]qdf afx'g If]qL / blntx?n] ;+o'Qm jf 5'§f 5'§} :jfoQtf cfTdg0fo{csf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/]/ lng] eGg] x]f . hxf+;Dd cflbjf;L hghfltx? d"nfh:t} lglZrt 7fp+x?df t/ afx'g If]qLx? eg] pv's]f 6'Kkf h:t} g]kfnsf] &% lhNnfd} 5l/P/ /x]s]f eGg] -s"_ts{ 5, k|To]s 7fp+df ePsf hftLsf] hftLo, eflifs, wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts pTkL8gsf sf/s tTj afx'g If]qL ePsf]n] :jfoQ k|b]zx?df km]l/ klg pgLx?af6} afx'gjfbsf] l;sf/ eP/ sf]lx klg /xg rfxb}g .

hftLo / If]qut :jfoQ k|b]zx?df cGo hft–hfltx?s]f clwsf/ s] x'G5 eGg] k|Zgsf ;DaGwdf ;a}sf] cfkmgf] :jfoQ k|b]z eP kl5 c?sf] :jfoQ k|b]zdf a;]sfx? cfkmg} :jfoQ k|b]zdf kms{g] 5g\ eg] sltko To+lx jf cGo :jfoQ k|b]zdf /xg] 5g\ jf hfg] 5g\ . :jfoQ k|b]zsfx?nfO{ lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/L lbg] / dt v;fNg] clwsf/ x'g]5 / s/ -6\ofS;_ sd lt/] k'Ug] 5 . cGo :jfoQ k|b]zsf gful/sx?n] c?sf] :jfoQ k|b]zdf a:bf pDd]bjf/L / dtbfgsf] clwsf/ afx]s cGo ;a}df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj, cNk;+Voss]f clwsf/, ;Dej eP :jfoQ k|b]z leq pk–:jfoQtfsf] clwsf/ / :jfoQ k|b]zsf gful/sx?n] eGbf al9 s/ ltg]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 . hUuf hldg lsgj]r ug]{, sfd ug]{, lzIff / :jf:Yo ;]jf kfpg], ljx] ug]{, xf+:g], ?g] nufotsf ;a} clwsf/x? ;'lglZrt x'g]5 . ;du|df eGg'kbf{ h;/L k[YaL Pp6f / ;a} dfG5] Pp6} eP klg /fhlglts cfwf/df d'n's km/s 5 To:t} ul/ g]kfn k[YaL ;dfg xf] eg] :jfoQ k|b]zx? ljeLGg d'n'sx? h:tf] xf] .

hxf+;Dd hftLo :jfoQ k|b]zx?df afx'g If]qLx?sf] hg;+Vof w]/} 5 t/ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] hg;+Vof yf]/} 5 eg] cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] s;/L :jfoQtf kfpg ;Dej 5 eGg] k|Zg 5, To;sf] pQ/ vf]Hbf Oltxf;nfO{ sf]t/]/ pKsfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . lsk6 Joj:yf ePsf] lnDa'jfgdf s;/L cGo hft–hfltx?sf] hg;+Vof lnDa"s]f eGbf al9 eof]< ;g\ !(%) ;Dd cf]nf} nfUg] ePsf]n] t/fO[sf] rf/sf];] emf8Ldf yf? afx]s c? a;f]af; ug{ g;Sg] 7fp+df l8=l8=6L= 5/] kl5 nfdv'§] t ;vfk eof] t/ Tof] ;+u} yf?x? klg ;vfk eP/ s;/L l8=l8=6L=s]f cy{ 8]Gh/; 8f] 6' b yf?h\ x'g k'Uof]< emfkf lhNnf t/fO{sf bh{gf} cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] d"n ynf] x]f / Toxf+ klg pgLx?sf] yf?sf] h:t} cj:yf s;/L x'g k'Uof]< Toxf+sf cflbjf;L hghfltx? s;/L e"ldlxg eP, s;/L sd}of eP< Toxf+ ljut s]lx bzs cl3dfq k;]sfx? s;/L hdLgbf/ eP / logsf 3/df Tolx+sf cflbjf;Lx? s;/L sfdbf/ x'g k'u]< oL ;a}sf] sf/0f afx'gjfbL ;f]r, gLlt / Jojxf/ eGg] oyfy{tf lbgsf] 3fd eGbf klg 5n{Ë eO;s]s]f 5 . To;}n] :jfoQtfsf] ;Gbe{df :jfoQtfsf] clwsf/ /fVg] hftL, eflifs ;d'x / If]qsf] cu|flwsf/sf] s'/f xf] . rLgdf xfg hftL rLg e/L (% k|ltzt ePsf] / Tox+sf] cflbjf;Lsf] :jfoQ k|b]zdf klg *% k|ltzt hg;+Vof /x]sf eP klg hftLo :jfoQtfsf] sf/0fn] pQm :jfoQ k|b]zdf Tolx+sf] cflbjf;LnfO{ zf;s x'g] clwsf/ 5 . xfg hftLn] Toxf+ zf;s x'g] clwsf/ kfp+b}g t/ cGo clwsf/ kfp+5 .

cGtdf,

g]kfndf /fhtGq, Psn /fHosf] Joj:yf, afx'gjfb, lkt[;Qf, kxf8Lof Psflwsf/jfb cflbs]f cGTo geOsg Psflt/ cflbjf;L hghflt / dw]zLx? dfly ljv08g / ;fDk|bflostfsf] cf/f]kx? nfUg 5f8\g] 5}g eg] csf]{lt/ cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, blnt, dlxnfx? hftLo, eflifs, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, If]qut. n}+lus zf]if0f, bdg / pTkL8gaf6 d'lQm kfpg ;Sb}g . clxn] tTsfnsfnflu sDLtdf klg ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g' cl3 cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf ;+3fTds nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, cfTdlgf0f{os]f clwsf/ ;lxt hftLo, elfifs / If]qut :jfoQtf / ;+ljwfg ;efsfnflu hftLo hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df k|To]s hftLs]f Go"gtd Pshgf dlxnf / Ps hgf k'?ifsf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt u/]/ k"0f{?kdf ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf gubf{;Dd g]kfn lx+;f k|ltlx+;f, ljb|f]x / /fhg}lts cl:y/tf h:tf lju|x af6 u'h|g afWo x'g]5 . g]kfnsf] ljBdfg ;dOfs]f ;dfwfg ls:tfjGbLdf vf]Hg' x'+b}g, ;du|tfdf vf]hLg' kb{5, l9nfO{ u/]/ xf]Og, ;do 5+b} vf]]hLg' kb{5 . o;}df ;a}sf] ;fd'lxs enfO{ 5 .

Dr. Krishna B. Bhattachan is a well known sociologist and leader of Indigenous Peoples in Nepal.  Read his profile»
Comments? Write him at: kchan@wlink.com.np
सुप्रसिद्ध समाजशास्त्री डा कृष्णबहादुर भटृचन आदिबासी जनजाती आन्दोलनका अगुवा हस्ती हुनुहुन्‍छ। हरेक साता शुक्रवार वहाँले लेख्नु हुने साप्‍ताहिक झटारो पढ्न नभुल्‍नु होला।

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