ljifo k|a]z

of] ;ftf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{df a9fOPsf] efpsf la?4 ;8sdf p7]sf] :jM:km"t{ lj/f]w h'n'; / d"No a[l4sf] lg0f{o lkmtf{, ;ft bnn] @# a"+b] ;xdltdf Ps dlxgf leq agfpg kg]{ ljeLGg cfof]usf] u7g ul/;Sg' kg]{ Dofb u'h|LPsf], / dw]zL cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?n] bf]>f] r/0fsf] cfGbf]ng cGtu{t dw]zdf z}lIfs ;+:yfx? aGb ug]{ sfo{ z'?, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf ;'lzn sf]O/fnfnfO{ dxf]Q/Ldf lj/f]w / em8k / dxf]Q/L aGb, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf sfo{stf{x?, a}+s / ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?sf] xTof, vf]6f+udf k'ln; rf}sLdf cfs|d0f / xftxltof/ vf];]/ nu]sf ;dfrf/x? 5fPsf] lyof] . oL / o; cl3sf s}og 36gfx? 3lge"t?kdf ljs]lGb|t x'+b} uPsf] ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLsf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kx? x'g\ . PSsfO;f}+ ztflJbsf] z'? b]lv  ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL ljZj ;d'bfosf] s]Gb| ljGb"df cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn o;\sf] ckjfb xf]Og . o; k6ssf}] ;fKtflxs em6f/f] o;} ljifodf s]Gb|Lt 5 .

;fd'lxs lx+;f / ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLsf] cy{

;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLsf jf/]df ;dfhzf:qL rfN;{ l6nLn] b kf]ln6LS; ck\m sn]S6Le efof]n]G; k':ts nufotsf k':ts / w]/} n]v /rgfx? k|sflzt ug'{ePsf] 5 . l6nLsf cg';f/ ;fd'lxs lx+;f eGgfn] of o;\tf] ;fdfGo k|f;+lus -Plk;f]l8s_ ;fdflhs cGt/s[of xf] h;\af6 JolQmx? /, cyjf, j:t'x?df tTan] ef}lts IftL u5{, / o:tf] IftL ug{df sDtLdf klg b'Ohgfs]f ;+nUgtf /xG5, / o:tf] IftL k'¥ofpg] sfo{ oL JolQmx?sf] ;dGjofTds sfo{sf] kl/0ffd x'G5 . 8s}tL, u}/sfg"gL ;hfo -ln~rL+u_, ljb|f]x, hgo'4, s|fGtL cflb ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf ljljw ?kx? x'g\ . oL dWo] s]lx dfq ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL xf]Ogg\ . ;dfhzf:qL rfN;{\ l6nLsf cg';f/ ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL eGgfn] ljbLt -sG6];Lo;\_ /fhlgtL xf] sLgeg] o;\sf ;xeflux?df Ps csf{sf] :jfy{nfO{ c;/ kfg]{ bfjL ub{5g\ / of] /fhlgtL xf] sLgeg] ;xeflux?sf] ;/sf/;+usf] ;DaGw bfpdf /x]s]f x'G5 .

g]kfndf ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL

jt{dfg g]kfns]f lznfGof; lnulnu sf]6df /fhf b|Jo zfxn] ubf{ / ef}uf]lns Plss/0fsf] hu /fhf k[YaLgf/fo0f zfxn] xfNbf ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL af6} u/]sf lyP . ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL af6} hu a;]sf] x'gfn] g]kfns]f clxn];Ddsf] c9fO ;o jif{ k'/fgf] Oltxf; ;fd'lxs lx+;fs]f /fhlgtLn] lg/Gt/tf kfp+b} cfPsf] 5 / eljiodf ;d]t lg/Gt/tf kfpg] lglZrt b]lvG5 . Ps ;o rf/ jif{ nfdf] PstGqL /f0ff zf;gsf] hu /f0ff k|wfgdGqL h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffn] xfNbf, ;ft ;fndf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] g]t[Tjdf /f0ff zf;gsf] cGTo u/]/ k|hftflGqs g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ubf{, ;q ;fndf /fhf dx]Gb|n] k|hftGqsf] 3+f6L lgdf]7]/ lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] g]t[Tjdf lgb{nLo k~rfotL Joj:yf nfu" ubf{, 5ofnL; ;fndf lgb{nLo k~rfotL Joj:yf / lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo ul/ ;Da}wflgs k|hftGq / ax'bnLo Joj:yf :yfkgf ubf{ klg ;fd'lxs lx+;fs} /fhlgtL k|of]u ePsf] lyof] . o; a]nf;Ddsf] ;fd'lxs lx+;fs]f /fhlgtL sltko a]nf ljs]GbLt x'g vf]h]s]f eP klg d"ntM s]Gb|Ls[t /x]s]f lyof] . h:t} k~rfotsfndf g]kfnL sf+u|];, g]=s=kf= dfn] / hgjfbL df]rf{ cflbn] ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL k|of]u u/L ljs]Gb|Lt ug]{ c;kmn k|of; lyof] . 5ofnL; ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng efu Ps kl5 g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLn] afpGg ;fndf ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL k|of]u u/]sf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLsf] ;z:q ljb|f]x pTsif{df k'Ubf;Dd g]kfndf ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL d"ntM s]lGb|t /x\of] . /fHo kIfn] lx+;fsf] :jLr ck\m ubf{ jf dfcf]jfbLn] lx+;fs]f :jLr ck\m ubf{ ck\m x'g] cj:yf lyof] .

hgo'4 pTsif{df k'u]sf a]nf /fHo kIfn] dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLx?nfO{ bafpgsf nflu / ;fDk|bflos 4Gbsf ?kdf ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLnfO{ ljs]Gb|Lt ug]{ k|ofz u/]s]f b]lvG5 . To; a]nf b}n]v, gjnk/f;L, k;f{, / Onfd lhNnfx?df /fHo kIfn] :yfgLo hgtfx?nfO{ xftxltof/ pknAw u/fP/ dfcf]jfbL la?4 k|lt/f]w ug{ pS;fPsf] b]lvG5 eg] dw]zL 6fOu;{n] dw]zL ;jfndf s]lGb|t eP/ dfcf]jfbL la?4 ;fd'lxs lx+;fs]f /fhlgtL k|of]u u/]s]f b]lvG5 . o; cnfjf X[lQs /f]zg sf08 kxf8Lof / dw]zL ljr ePsf] / O/fs sf08 d'lZnd / u}/ d'lZnd ;d'bfo ljr ePsf] ;fDk|bflos b+ufsf ?kdf ;fd'lxs lx+;fs]f /fhlgtL ePsf] lyof] . z'?sf lo ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLx? dWo] kf+r j6f dw]zL, b'O j6f cflbjf;L hghflt / Pp6f d'lZnd ;+u ;DalGwt lyP .

d}n] lo 36gfx?sf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ g]kfn / PlzofnL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|n] h'nfO{ !) / !!, @))% df sf7df8f}df cfof]hgf u/]s]f Pp6f uf]li7df g]kfndf pe|bf] ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLsf jf/]df Pp6f sfo{kq k|:t't u/]s]f lyP+ . pQm sfo{kqdf clxn];Dd ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL d"ntM s]lGb|s[t ePsf]n] s]Gb\df a;]sf /fHo kIf jf ljb|f]xL kIfn] :jLr ck\m u/] ck\m x'G5 t/ olx ultdf cl3 a9]sf] v08df ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL ljs]lGb|t eO xfNof] eg] s;}n] cg u/] cg / ck\m u/] ck\m gx'g] b'ef{Uok"0f{ cj:yf cfpg] ;Defjgf 68\sf/f] ePsf] oyfy{tfnfO{ cf}+NofPsf] lyP+ . geGb} cfh ;Dddf ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL cToGt ljs]lGb|t eO;s]s]f 5 . g]kfndf /fHo kIfn] hlt kxn ubf{ klg zQmL / clwsf/sf] ljs]lGb|s/0f slxNo} ;kmn ePg t/ cj eg] grfxbf grfxb} klg ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL eg] b|'t ultdf ljs]lGb|t eO;s]s]f 5 . cj ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL ug]{ ;a}n] Ps} k6s ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLnfO{ Tofu gu/] ;Dd Pp6f jf Ps eGbf al9n] Tofu ul/ xfn] klg csf]{n] gug]{ / c? klg cfp+b} ug]{ cj:yf 5 .

h] eP klg cfh;Dd h] hlt ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL ePsf] 5 To;\sf] Psdfq sf/s tTj /fHo kIf xf] h:n] z'?df o:tf] ug{ pS;fof] / kl5 ;dfa]zLs/0f, ;dfg'kflts, zflGt k|s[of cflbsf] gfp+df If]qut, hftLo, eflifs, n}+lus / wfld{s lje]bx? / alxis/0fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPs]f 5 . /fHon] dw]zL, cflbjf;L hghlft, blnt, dlxnf, c+w cfk+u, s0ff{nL nufotsf b"u{d If]qsf hgtfx? cflbs]f klxrfg ug{ OGsf/ ub}{ /x] / Gofof]lrt xs clwsf/x? af6 al~rt ub}{ /fv] ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhgLtL cem} 3gLe"t?kdf ljs]Gb|Lt x'g] lglZrt b]lvG5 .

;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLs]f s]Gb|

clxn] ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLsf] s]Gb| ljGb" d"ntM dw]z k|b]z ePsf] 5 hxf+ t/fO{ hgtflGqs d'lQm df]rf{ h:tf /fhg}lts bn / bh{gf}+ ;d'xx? ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLdf ;s[o 5g\ . df]rf{sf uf]Ot / Hjfnf l;+x ;d'xn] :jtGq dw]zs]f dfu /fv]sf 5g\ . zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf nfu]sf dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d / t/fO{ dw]z nf]stflGqs bn nufotsfn] g]kfnsf] ;f{j{ef}d;Qf / If]qLo cv08tfnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxt If]qut :jfoQtfsf] dfu /fv]sf 5g\ . oL afx]s cGo sltko ;d'xx? eg]  lkm/f}tL p7fpg] / cGo cfk/flws sfo{x?df ;+nUg b]lvG5g\ .

dw]zLx? la?4 /fHon] ljutdf u/]sf lje]bx?sf] cGTo ug{sfnflu ;+ljwfg ;ef cl3g} cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxt If]qut :jfoQtfsf] ;'lglZrttf / ;+ljwfg ;efsf nflu k"0f{?kdf ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg nufot dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d nufot;+u ljutdf /fHo kIfn] u/]sf ;Demf}tfx?sf] sfof{Gjog geP ;Dd dw]zdf ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg] b]lvG5 . oL dfux? k|lt /fHo kIf cfh;Dd uDeL/ eP/ ;Daf]wg ug{ rfx]s]f b]lvb}g . ;ft bnn] dw]znfO[{ dfOg; u/]/ ;+ljwfg ;efs]f lgjf{rg 3f]lift ldlt r}t @* df h;/L klg ug]{ eof] eg] cyjf dw]zdf cgjZos an k|of]u eof] eg] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf nfu]sf dw]zL cfGbf]ngsf] dfu :jtGq dw]z x'g] lglZrt b]lvG5 / pgLx?n] klg afWofTds ?kdf ;fd'lxs lx+;fs]f /fhlgtLdf nfUg kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf x'g;S5 . o:tf] ePsf] v08df Pp6f ;Defjgf g]kfndf nfdf] ;do;Dd lx+;f k|ltlx+;f / /fhg}lts cl:y/tf sfod /xg] 5 eg] cs]f{ ;Defjgf of t /fHo kIf alnof] eP/ ljb|f]x bjfpg] 5 of ljb|f]lx kIf alnof] eP/ :jtGq dw]zsf] lgdf{0f ug{]5 .

cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] xsdf /fHo kIfn] a9fjf lbPsf] Onfdsf nf?Daf / sfd/f+u ;]gf nufotsf ;d'xx? ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLdf k|of]u eP klg vDa'jfg d'lQm df]rf{n] ef]hk'/sf] lb+unfdf ad k8\sfP/ ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL u/]s]f lyP . kl5 vDa'jfg d'lQm df]rf{ g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLdf ;dflxt eP kl5 ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL klg Tolx kf6L{df ljnLg eof] . cflbjf;L hghfltx?df ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL vf;} b]lvPsf] 5}g . clxn] cfP/ d+uf]n cu{gfOh]zgsf] /]l8sn ;d'xn] vf]6f+usf l\tg j6f k|x/L rf}sLdf cfs|d0f ul/ xftxltof/ nu]sf] of] ;ftfsf] tfhf ;dfrf/n] dw]zLx?sf] h:t} cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] klg ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL pTsif{df k'Ug;Sg] ;+s]t lbPsf] b]lvG5 .

/fHos]f k|d'v ljz]iftf eg]s} lx+;f / s/ -6\ofS;_ dflysf] Psflwsf/ -dgf]kf]nL_ xf] . To;}n] hgo'4 z'? eP b]lv g]kfndf b'O j6f /fHo;Qf 5 eGg] ul/G5 . dfcf]jfbLx?sf] efiffdf Pp6f k'/fgf] ;Qf / csf]{ gof+ ;Qf . olx ljz]iftfs} cfwf/df eGg] x]f eg] cfhsn g]kfndf vf; u/]/ dw]zdf /fHo;Qf klg ljs]lGb|t eO{;s]s]f 5 . cj kxf8 / t/fO{sf cGo efudf klg ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL ljs]lGb|t x'g nflu;s]s]f 5 .

ljs]lGb|t ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLsf] ;dfwfg s] t<

;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtLnfO{ c? ljs]lGb|t x'gaf6 /f]Sg] dfq geP/ o;\nfO{ cGTo ug]{ pkfo o;\ k|sf/ 5g\M

klxnf], hgcfGbf]ng efu b'O{sf] hgfb]z cg';f/ cGtl/d ;+;b ljwflosf / cGtl/d ;/sf/n] u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ kb{5 .

bf]>f], ;+ljwfg ;ef cl3 ;+ljwfg ;efsf nflu x'g] lgjf{rgsf nflu sDtLdf klg hftLo, n}+lus / If]qut cfwf/af6 k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts agfpg kb{5 .

t]>f], Psn /fHonfO{ ;+3fTds agfpg] eg]/ dfq k'Ub}g o;\sf] cfwf/ k|i6 kfg{ kb{5 . of] cfwf/ eg]sf] hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQtfsf] 3f]if0ff xf] . ;+ljwfg ;efn] oL cfwf/df :jfoQtfsf] lj:t[t vfsf agfpg kb{5 .

rf}yf], g]kfnsf k|d'v /fhlgtLs bnx? vf; u/]/ g]kfnL sf+u|];, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ Plss[t dfS;{jfbL n]lngjfbL, / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLn] bnsf] k'g/;+/rgf u/L ;efklt, cWoIf, dxf;lrj, s]lGb|o ;ldlt / kf]nL6Ao"/f]sf] ;b:o h:tf g]t[TjbfoL kbx? b]lv :yfgLo tx;Ddsf ;+/rgfx? sDtLdf klg hftLo, n}+lus / If]qut cfwf/af6 k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts agfpg kb{5 .

kf+rf}+, dw]zL, cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, dlxnf, s0ff{nL nufotsf b"u{d If]qx?, c+w ckf+u, k]zfut nufotsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ls:tfjGbLdf ;dfwfg ug{sf] ;6\6f uf]nd]r ;Ddn]g u/L ;du|tfdf ;dfwfg ug{' a'l4dQfk"0f{ x'g]5 .

5}7f}+, ;xdtLo /fhgLlt eg]s]f ;ft bn ljr efua08fsf] ;xdtLo /fhgLlt geP/ ;ft bn / dw]zL, cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt / dlxnf nufotsf cfGbf]ngsf/L zQmLx? ;+u klg ;xdtLo /fhlgtL x'g cfjZos 5 .

cGtdf,

c+u|]hLdf Pp6f sxfjt 5M P :6Lr Og 6fOd ;]e\; gfOg cyf{t ;dodf Ps k6ssf] l;nfO{n] kl5 gf} k6ssf] l;nfO{ arfp+5 . dfcf]jfbLx?;+u k|lt/f]w ug{ ;fd'lxs lx+;fnfO{ /fHo cfkm}n] ljs]lGb|t u/]s]f lyof] . o;\sf] ljutdf ePsf] ljs]lGb|s/0faf6 cj ljv08gsf s'/f p7\g yfn]s]f 5 . ;+3fTds nf]stflGqs u0ftGq cGtu{t cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxt hftLo, eflifs / If]qut :jfoQtfn] g]kfnnfO{ ljv08g x'gaf6 hf]ufp+5 / o;}n] ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhgLltsf] cf}lrTo klg ;dfKt u5{ . d]/f] uf]?sf] af/\x 6Ssf eg] em}+ /fHo;Qfn] dw]zL, cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, dlxnf nufotsfx?nfO{ oL clwsf/x?af6 al~rt /fVbf eg] ;f+Rr}sf] ljv08g x'g;Sb5 . ljutdf l;+xb/jf/ hn]sf a]nf rfOgLhx?n] l;+xb/af/sf] cu|efu hf]ufpg cfuf] nfu]sf efu / gnfu]s]f efusf ljrdf ad k8\sfP/ cfu]fnfUg af6 hf]ufpg] pkfo u/]/ kl5 cuf8Lsf] ;+/rgf h:tfsf] t:t} /xg uPsf] / k5f8Lsf] efunfO{ k"glgdf{0f u/]s]f kf7 g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf 7\ofSs ldNg cfp+5 . afx'gjfbL zf;sx?n] of] oyfy{tfnfO{ hlt l9nf cfTd;ft u5{ TolQg} al9 rs|a[l4 ;fjf+ Jofh ltg{ kg]{ x'G5 . km]/L klg 3f]lift ldtL r}t @* ut] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg x'gg;Sg] lglzRt ePsf] cj:yfdf hgljb|f]x ?kL ;fd'lxs lx+;fsf] /fhlgtL Ps dfq ljsNk cj:oDefjL aGb} uPsf] b]lvG5 .